Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Inclination of a Line

Inclination of a Line

The inclination of a line describes its angle of tilt with respect to the horizontal axis. While a line itself is an abstract object with no thickness, its orientation on the Cartesian plane is determined by its slope, which reflects how steeply it rises or falls. The inclination angle, always measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis, varies between zero and π radians for nonhorizontal lines. This angle directly relates to the slope, providing a geometric interpretation of the...

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Remodelling of intrinsic tongue muscles in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model: regional differences in fibre size and regeneration.

Archives of oral biology·2026

Same author

Factors contributing to the variability of anterior overbite opening after standardized posterior bite raiser placement: a prospective single-arm pre-post clinical study.

Progress in orthodontics·2026

Same author

The Repercussions of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis on the Orofacial Sphere: A One-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry·2026

Same author

Long-term effects of altered functional demands induced by diet consistency throughout growth on adult rat masticatory muscle fibres.

Archives of oral biology·2026

Same author

Evaluation of Head Posture in Wheelchair-Bound Individuals and Its Relation to Malocclusion: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

Orthodontics & craniofacial research·2026

Same author

Head posture before and after the correction of unilateral functional posterior crossbite in growing children: a prospective controlled clinical trial.

European journal of orthodontics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

Incisor inclination and perceived tooth colour changes.

Philip Ciucchi¹, Stavros Kiliaridis¹

¹Clinique Universitaire de Medecine Dentaire (CUMD), Department of Orthodontics, Rue Barthelemy-Menn, Geneva, Switzerland.

European Journal of Orthodontics

|March 25, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Altering upper incisor inclination affects perceived tooth color. Proclined incisors appear lighter, while retroclined incisors appear darker, influencing smile aesthetics.

More Related Videos

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Accuracy in Dental Medicine, A New Way to Measure Trueness and Precision

Published on: April 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Orthodontics
Aesthetic Dentistry

Background:

Social attractiveness is influenced by smile aesthetics.
Tooth color and inclination are key factors in smile perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate how upper central incisor proclination affects tooth color.
To determine if orthodontic changes in incisor inclination alter perceived tooth color.

Main Methods:

Forty young adults (20-25 years) with sound dentition were photographed.
Photographs were taken at three head angulations (+15, 0, -15 degrees) to simulate incisor inclination changes.
CIE L*a*b* color model software analyzed color differences in the incisor crowns.

Main Results:

Significant differences in CIE L*a*b* color values were observed with changes in head angulation.
Upward tilting (proclination) resulted in lighter tooth color parameters.
Downward tilting (retroclination) resulted in darker tooth color parameters.

Conclusions:

Upper incisor proclination leads to lighter perceived tooth color compared to retroclined incisors.
Orthodontic manipulation of incisor inclination can alter perceived tooth color and smile aesthetics.