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The Pain-Related Cognitive Processes Questionnaire: Development and Validation.

Melissa A Day1, L Charles Ward1,2, Beverly E Thorn2

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

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Summary

Researchers developed the Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire (PCPQ) to assess attentional processes in chronic pain. This new tool helps differentiate cognitive processes from content, aiding treatment evaluation for better pain adjustment.

Keywords:
AssessmentChronic PainCognitive Process

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Pain Management
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive processes (how individuals think) and cognitive content (what individuals think) are crucial for chronic pain adjustment.
  • Existing measures often fail to distinguish between cognitive processes and content, limiting treatment evaluation.
  • There is a need for reliable tools to assess cognitive processes in the context of pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a self-report inventory to measure adaptive and maladaptive attentional processes related to pain.
  • To create a tool that effectively separates cognitive processes from cognitive content in pain experiences.

Main Methods:

  • A large item pool was generated to represent nine distinct cognitive constructs.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to data from two undergraduate samples to derive scales.
  • The Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire (PCPQ) was developed, comprising nine scales and four composite scales.

Main Results:

  • The PCPQ includes nine scales (Suppression, Distraction, Enhancement, Dissociation, Reappraisal, Absorption, Rumination, Nonjudgment, Acceptance) and four composite scales (Pain Diversion, Pain Distancing, Pain Focus, Pain Openness).
  • Internal consistency reliabilities were adequate to good for the nine scales (α ≥ 0.70) and high for the four composite scales (α ≥ 0.79).
  • Correlations with pain-related variables supported the validity of the measured constructs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PCPQ scales provide a comprehensive assessment of pain-specific cognitive processes.
  • The PCPQ may be valuable for research evaluating the role of cognitive processes in chronic pain.
  • This tool facilitates a clearer understanding of how individuals attend to pain, informing future interventions.