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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
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Diabetic foot ulcer development risk classifications' validation: A multicentre prospective cohort study.

M Monteiro-Soares1, R Ribas2, C Pereira da Silva2

  • 1MEDCIDES/CINTESIS - Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde, Oporto University Faculty of Medicine, Oporto U753-FCT, Portugal.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|March 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Existing classifications effectively identify low-risk diabetes mellitus patients, preventing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Further research is needed for primary care settings to refine DFU risk stratification.

Keywords:
ClassificationsDiabetic footFoot ulcerRisk

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Area of Science:

  • Diabetology
  • Podiatry
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • Accurate risk stratification is crucial for DFU prevention.
  • Existing classification systems require validation in diverse clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively validate existing DM classifications for DFU risk stratification.
  • To assess the performance of these classifications in high and low-risk settings.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective multicentre cohort study of 446 DM subjects without active DFU.
  • 1-year follow-up for DFU development, amputation, or death.
  • Collection of demographic, clinical, and classification variables at baseline.

Main Results:

  • 32 subjects developed DFU; 7 required amputation; 18 died.
  • Classifications showed high validity globally (AUC > 0.75).
  • Positive predictive values were <40%, negative predictive values >90%.

Conclusions:

  • Existing classifications are valid for high-risk settings and excellent for identifying low-risk individuals.
  • Classifications demonstrate high capacity to correctly identify subjects who will not develop DFU.
  • Further research is recommended for the primary care setting.