Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

3.8K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
3.8K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

15.2K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.2K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.3K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.3K
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

3.6K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
3.6K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

1.3K
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
1.3K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.4K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reflectance confocal microscopy in lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma: a state-of-the-art overview.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2026
Same author

Concordance of pathologic response assessment between local and central review in melanoma: a post hoc analysis of KEYMAKER-U02 substudy 02C.

ESMO open·2026
Same author

Perinatal outcomes following in-utero transfusion for hydrops fetalis associated with parvovirus B19 infection.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2026
Same author

Muir-Torre syndrome revealed by sebaceous carcinoma of the scrotum.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2025
Same author

Immune checkpoint inhibitors induced subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie·2025
Same author

Serotonin innervation of the subthalamic nucleus in parkinsonian monkeys.

Neurobiology of disease·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.8K

Hypoxia inducible factor one alpha and human viral pathogens.

F Morinet1, M Parent2, S Pillet3

  • 1Hôpital Saint-Louis, université Paris 7 Paris Diderot, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.

Current Research in Translational Medicine
|March 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Human viruses must adapt to low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within the body to cause disease. Virological studies at high oxygen levels hinder understanding of these crucial viral adaptation mechanisms.

Keywords:
AIDSHIF-1 alphaHypoxiaKaposi sarcoma

More Related Videos

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

86.5K
Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

18.8K
Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture
07:01

Induction and Testing of Hypoxia in Cell Culture

Published on: August 12, 2011

86.5K
Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Ambient oxygen levels (21%) differ significantly from in vivo conditions (1-14%).
  • Viral pathogens must adapt to fluctuating oxygen tension for host colonization and disease.
  • Traditional virological studies at 21% oxygen limit understanding of in vivo viral mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions of human viruses with in vivo hypoxia.
  • To highlight the impact of oxygen levels on viral pathogenesis.
  • To underscore the limitations of standard oxygen conditions in virological research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of selected human viral pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of viral adaptation strategies to hypoxic environments.
  • Discussion of mechanistic aspects of viral infections under varying oxygen tensions.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia is a critical factor influencing viral survival and replication.
  • Viral pathogens exhibit diverse mechanisms to cope with low oxygen.
  • In vitro studies at 21% oxygen do not fully represent in vivo viral behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding viral responses to hypoxia is essential for comprehending human viral diseases.
  • Future virological research should incorporate physiologically relevant oxygen levels.
  • Investigating viral-hypoxia interactions can reveal novel therapeutic targets.