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Using Learning Outcome Measures to assess Doctoral Nursing Education
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Social is special: A normative framework for teaching with and learning from evaluative feedback.

Mark K Ho1, James MacGlashan2, Michael L Littman2

  • 1Department of Cognitive, Linguistic & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1821, Providence, RI 02912, United States.

Cognition
|March 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Evaluative feedback influences behavior by conveying information about action value, not just as rewards. This social learning relies on understanding communicative intent, explaining its prevalence in humans.

Keywords:
Evaluative feedbackPunishmentRewardSocial learningTeachingTheory of mind

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Learning Theory
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Humans use rewards and punishments to influence behavior.
  • Psychologists traditionally viewed evaluative feedback as a standard learning mechanism tied to environmental rewards.
  • Previous research in developmental psychology, animal behavior, and human-robot interaction yielded limited success with this traditional view.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the logic of evaluative feedback.
  • To propose an alternative explanation for how evaluative feedback influences behavior.
  • To explain the unique effectiveness of social evaluative feedback in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Logical analysis of evaluative feedback.
  • Theoretical modeling of social learning mechanisms.
  • Comparison of human and non-human animal learning from social feedback.

Main Results:

  • Evaluative feedback is most effective when interpreted as information about action value, not solely as a reward to be maximized.
  • Learning from evaluative feedback relies on inferring communicative intent, goals, and mental states.
  • Specialized learning mechanisms are uniquely suited for processing social evaluative feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Human learning from evaluative feedback is a sophisticated social cognitive process.
  • The effectiveness of evaluative feedback in humans stems from advanced theory of mind and social inference abilities.
  • This explains why evaluative feedback is more common in human social interactions than in non-human animals.