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Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

10.1K
The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

57.8K
Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
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Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions01:14

Overview of Cell-Cell Junctions

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The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and the extracellular matrix. Cell-cell junctions are specialized structures where the multi-protein complexes on one cell interact with the multi-protein complexes on another  cell. These cell junctions are classified  into three main types based on their function — occluding, anchoring, and gap junctions.
Occluding or Tight...
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Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

8.0K
Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

9.5K
The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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An Iodide-Yellow Fluorescent Protein-Gap Junction-Intercellular Communication Assay
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Identifying connexin expression and determining gap junction intercellular communication in rainbow trout cells.

Joshua Hooper1, Sarah J Poynter2, Stephanie J DeWitte-Orr3,4

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal
|March 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Rainbow trout cells express gap junction proteins, with functional communication observed in RTG-2 and RTgill-W1 cell lines. This study identifies novel GJA7 sequences and characterizes gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in fish cells.

Keywords:
Gap junctionGap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1)Gap junction protein alpha 7 (GJA7)RTG-2RTgill-W1RTgutGC

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Fish Cell Lines
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Gap junctions mediate cell-cell communication vital for homeostasis.
  • Characterizing gap junctions in fish models is crucial for understanding cellular functions.
  • Rainbow trout cell lines (RTgill-W1, RTgutGC, RTG-2) are commonly used in aquatic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the presence and function of gap junctions in three rainbow trout cell lines.
  • To identify gap junction protein transcripts and proteins, specifically GJA7 and GJA1.
  • To investigate the impact of serum deprivation on gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC).

Main Methods:

  • Screening for GJA7 and GJA1 transcripts and GJA7 protein.
  • Assessing GJIC using Lucifer yellow dye migration and scrape-and-load technique.
  • Utilizing Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) as a gap junction inhibitor.

Main Results:

  • GJA7 and GJA1 transcripts were detected in all three cell lines; GJA7 protein was also identified.
  • This is the first report of a full-length GJA7 transcript sequence in rainbow trout cells.
  • Functional GJIC was observed in RTG-2 and RTgill-W1 cells, inhibited by PMA, while RTgutGC showed no significant GJIC.

Conclusions:

  • Rainbow trout cells express connexin transcripts and proteins.
  • RTG-2 and RTgill-W1 cell lines exhibit functional gap junction intercellular communication.
  • The study provides foundational data on gap junction characteristics in rainbow trout cell models.