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Dian Liu1, Andreas Steingoetter1,2, Jelena Curcic1,2

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Off-resonance effects in triple-echo steady-state (TESS) imaging can cause errors in T2 mapping. However, these effects can be leveraged for efficient fat fraction quantification in steady-state imaging.

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T2 quantificationchemical shiftfat quantificationmulticompartmenttriple-echo steady state

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Quantitative Imaging

Background:

  • Triple-echo steady-state (TESS) imaging is a valuable tool for various MRI applications.
  • Accurate T2 mapping and fat fraction quantification are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring diseases.
  • The presence of intravoxel off-resonance compartments can complicate signal interpretation in steady-state sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and exploit intravoxel off-resonance compartment effects in TESS imaging without fat suppression.
  • To assess the impact of these effects on T2 mapping.
  • To utilize the findings for improved fat fraction quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated multicompartment TESS signals were generated at various echo times (TE).
  • Fat emulsion phantoms and in vivo knee data were acquired using TESS to validate simulations.
  • TESS signals at two TE combinations were used for fat fraction quantification in the stomach.

Main Results:

  • Simulated and measured multicompartment signal intensities showed good agreement.
  • Off-resonance effects led to erroneous T2 offsets, even at low water-fat ratios.
  • T2 variations up to 28% were observed in cartilage due to TE choice.
  • Feasibility of fat fraction quantification to monitor fat reduction in the stomach during digestion was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Intravoxel off-resonance compartments are a significant confounding factor for T2 quantification in TESS imaging, with TE-dependent errors.
  • These off-resonance effects offer a potential pathway for efficient fat fraction mapping using steady-state MRI techniques.