Myeloid Sarcoma: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
L Max Almond1, Maria Charalampakis2, Samuel J Ford1
1Midlands Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Unit (MARSU), University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia
|March 27, 2017
Summary
Myeloid sarcoma, a rare tumor of immature granulocytic cells, often links to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Early chemotherapy and tailored treatments, including stem cell transplantation, are crucial for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
Background:
- Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic cells.
- It is frequently associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but can occur in nonleukemic individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of myeloid sarcoma.
- To highlight the importance of considering myeloid sarcoma in differential diagnoses of atypical cellular infiltrates.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis involves a high index of suspicion, radiology, histology, immunophenotyping, and molecular analyses.
- Treatment strategies include systemic chemotherapy (AML-like regimens), surgery, radiotherapy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Main Results:
- Myeloid sarcoma presents with varied clinical manifestations due to its potential occurrence at any body site.
- Early chemotherapy is recommended even in nonleukemic cases, with stem cell transplantation showing promise for remission.
- Genetic profiling advances may lead to novel targeted therapies.
Conclusions:
- Myeloid sarcoma requires a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach and prompt treatment, even in nonleukemic patients.
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a viable option for achieving remission.
- Further multicenter trials are needed to refine management and explore targeted therapies.
