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[Skin cancers in kidney transplant recipients]

Anna Bieryło1, Szymon Brzósko1, Elżbieta Laudańska1

  • 1I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska.

Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)
|March 27, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Kidney transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppression face a higher risk of developing cancers, particularly skin cancers like squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Immunosuppression also increases the incidence of rarer cancers in this patient group.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal failure, significantly improving patient survival and quality of life.
  • Advancements in immunosuppressive therapies enhance graft survival but necessitate long-term immune system suppression.
  • An increasing number of kidney transplant recipients, including older individuals, are undergoing the procedure and require prolonged immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increased risk of cancer development in kidney transplant recipients due to long-term immunosuppression.
  • To identify the types of malignancies most frequently observed in this patient population.
  • To underscore the association between immunosuppression and the incidence of both common and rare cancers post-transplant.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical data on cancer incidence in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Analysis of the impact of immunosuppressive drug regimens on long-term outcomes.
  • Epidemiological assessment of common and rare malignancies in the post-transplant setting.

Main Results:

  • Skin cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), are the most prevalent malignancies, accounting for 40-50% of cancers in renal transplant recipients.
  • Long-term immunosuppression is linked to a significant increase in the incidence of various cancers.
  • Transplant recipients exhibit a higher occurrence of rarer cancers such as melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, anogenital cancer, and sebaceous carcinoma compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney transplant recipients on long-term immunosuppression are at an elevated risk for developing various cancers, especially skin cancers.
  • The type and duration of immunosuppression play a crucial role in cancer development post-transplantation.
  • Increased surveillance for both common and rare malignancies is essential in the management of kidney transplant patients.
Keywords:
immunosupresive therapykidney transplantationskin cancers

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