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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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The Behavioral Perspective on Personality01:19

The Behavioral Perspective on Personality

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Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
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Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality01:27

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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A trans-diagnostic perspective on obsessive-compulsive disorder.

C M Gillan1, N A Fineberg2, T W Robbins3

  • 1Department of Psychology,New York University,New York, NY,USA.

Psychological Medicine
|March 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are using data-driven methods to understand obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) neurobiology by identifying trans-diagnostic traits. This approach aims to refine diagnoses and develop targeted treatments for OCD and related disorders.

Keywords:
ERNOCDRDoCgoal-directedtrans-diagnostic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) research faces challenges due to diagnostic heterogeneity.
  • Current psychiatric nosology has limitations in capturing neurobiological underpinnings.
  • There is a need for data-driven approaches to refine psychiatric phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methodological approaches for identifying trans-diagnostic traits in OCD.
  • To highlight candidate traits associated with neurobiological processes.
  • To propose a path towards more targeted psychiatric treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing case-control studies.
  • Application of newer methods using large general population datasets.
  • Phenotypic refinement and validation through data-driven analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 'compulsivity' linked to goal-directed learning.
  • Identification of 'anxiety' linked to error-related negativity.
  • Demonstration of trans-diagnostic dimensions with defined neurobiological mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Data-driven identification of biologically valid dimensions offers renewed optimism for OCD research.
  • This approach can improve genetic studies and animal models for psychiatric disorders.
  • It provides a pathway toward more precise and targeted psychiatric treatments.