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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Characterization of a Li/S Cell.

Yifan Ye1,2, Ayako Kawase3,4, Min-Kyu Song5

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|March 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals how cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) affects lithium/sulfur battery cathodes. CTAB alters synthesis, while cycling causes capacity fade due to sulfur loss and insulating layer formation.

Keywords:
X-ray absorption spectroscopycapacity decaycetyltrimethylammonium bromidecycled cathode materialsin-situ/in-operandoinsulating layerlithium/sulfur cellsynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries offer high theoretical energy density but suffer from capacity decay.
  • Understanding sulfur speciation and reaction pathways is crucial for improving Li/S battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on sulfur speciation in Li/S cathodes.
  • To analyze the changes in sulfur speciation during charge/discharge cycling of Li/S cells.
  • To identify the mechanisms behind capacity fade in cycled Li/S cells.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was employed to study sulfur speciation.
  • Li/S cells with and without CTAB were subjected to charge/discharge cycling.
  • Modified electrochemical cells were developed for in-situ/in-operando studies.

Main Results:

  • CTAB significantly alters the synthesis reaction pathway of Li/S cathodes.
  • Cycling leads to the loss of electrochemically active sulfur.
  • An unexpected, compact, insulating layer of sulfur reaction products forms on the cathode surface, contributing to capacity decay.

Conclusions:

  • CTAB influences the initial sulfur chemistry in Li/S cells.
  • Capacity fade in Li/S cells is attributed to sulfur loss and the formation of a blocking surface layer.
  • Advanced electrochemical cells are enabling further in-situ/in-operando investigations of Li/S battery degradation.