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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

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Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis.

Martina Bonifazi^1,2, M Angeles Montero³, Elisabetta A Renzoni⁴

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Current Pulmonology Reports

|March 28, 2017

Summary

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) is a rare lung disease. Increased awareness aids diagnosis, but large studies are needed for effective treatments, with lung transplantation as the only cure.

Keywords:

Clinical features Diagnosis Idiopathic interstitial lung disease Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis Review

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Rare Diseases
Interstitial Lung Diseases

Background:

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) is a rare fibrosing lung disease affecting the pleura and lung parenchyma, predominantly in the upper lobes.
It is recognized as a distinct entity within the latest international classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP).

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current evidence on the clinical features of IPPFE.
To review potential therapeutic strategies for IPPFE.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on IPPFE.
Analysis of proposed diagnostic criteria (radiological and histopathological).

Main Results:

Increasing recognition of IPPFE, often associated with other interstitial lung disease (ILD) patterns.
Diagnostic consensus is pending, but criteria have been proposed.
Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy is a potential diagnostic tool due to risks of surgical biopsy.
Lung transplantation is currently the only curative treatment.

Conclusions:

Growing awareness is leading to more frequent identification of IPPFE.
Further large-scale international research is essential to understand IPPFE pathogenesis and subtypes.
Such research is crucial for developing targeted and effective treatments.