Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors
08:33

Nucleocapsid Annealing-Mediated Electrophoresis NAME Assay Allows the Rapid Identification of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Inhibitors

Published on: January 19, 2015

9.3K

Cyclophilins and nucleoporins are required for infection mediated by capsids from circulating HIV-2 primary isolates

João I Mamede1, Florence Damond2, Ariel de Bernardo1

  • 1Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.

Scientific Reports
|March 28, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) relies on host factors like cyclophilin A and specific nucleoporins (Nup358, Nup153) for infection, similar to HIV-1. These shared dependencies offer potential targets for developing new antiviral strategies against both HIV types.

Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is less pathogenic than HIV-1 and primarily circulates in West Africa.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective antiviral therapies.
  • HIV-1 infection relies on host cellular factors, including cyclophilin A (CypA) and nucleoporins, for replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interactions between HIV-2 capsids and host cellular factors involved in HIV-1 infection.
  • To compare the dependence of HIV-2 on cyclophilin A and TRIM5alpha with that of HIV-1.
  • To determine the role of nucleoporins Nup358 and Nup153 in HIV-2 nuclear import.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HIV-2 capsid (CA) interactions with host factors using primary isolates from patients.
  • Assessment of HIV-2 dependence on cyclophilin A (CypA) and susceptibility to hu-TRIM5alpha.
  • Evaluation of HIV-2 CA's exploitation of Nup358 and Nup153 for nuclear transposition.

Main Results:

  • All tested HIV-2 CA displayed a dependence on cyclophilin A, mirroring HIV-1.
  • No correlation was found between HIV-2 viremia and susceptibility to hu-TRIM5alpha or CypA dependence.
  • All HIV-2 primary isolates utilized Nup358 and Nup153 for nuclear import.

Conclusions:

  • The ability to utilize Nup358 and Nup153 is essential for HIV-2 infection of human cells, similar to HIV-1.
  • Host nucleoporins represent a conserved molecular target for antiviral strategies against both HIV-1 and HIV-2.
  • Further research into these host-pathogen interactions could lead to novel therapeutic interventions.

More Related Videos

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH10:16

Detection of Viral RNA by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization FISH

Published on: May 5, 2012

39.6K
In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores10:49

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

Published on: November 8, 2011

16.3K

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.1K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.2K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
950
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
75.2K
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
3.7K
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
2.2K