Locus coeruleus reports changes in environmental contingencies
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
Published on: November 26, 2019
1Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology,CNRS UMR 7142,Collège de France,75005 Paris,Francesusan.sara@college-de-france.fr.
Abstract:
The GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model proposed by Mather et al. attempts to explain how norepinephrine enhances processing in highly activated brain regions. Careful perusal of the sparse data available from recording studies in animals reveals that noradrenergic neurons are excited mainly by any change in the environment - a salient, novel, or unexpected sensory stimulus or a change in behavioral contingencies. This begets the "network reset hypothesis" supporting the notion that norepinephrine promotes rapid cognitive and behavioral adaption.
Related Concept Videos
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...
Rotter's Locus of Control
Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that their personal efforts and decisions directly affect their...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
Locus of Control
Color Vision

