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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

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Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical guidelines.

Mohamed Hassanein¹, Monira Al-Arouj², Osama Hamdy³

¹Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

|March 29, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ramadan fasting is a religious observance for Muslims. This study provides guidelines for optimal diabetes care during Ramadan, focusing on risk, nutrition, and medication adjustments for healthcare professionals.

Keywords:

Diabetes Dosing Fasting Guidelines Ramadan

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Islamic Studies

Background:

Ramadan fasting is a mandatory pillar of Islam for healthy Muslims.
Many individuals with diabetes fast during Ramadan, sometimes against medical advice.
Optimal management of diabetes during Ramadan is critical for patient well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide comprehensive guidelines for the care of patients with diabetes during Ramadan.
To enhance healthcare professionals' knowledge and support for diabetic patients observing Ramadan fasts.

Main Methods:

Development of practical guidelines by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance.
Guidelines cover epidemiology, physiology of fasting, risk stratification, nutrition, and medication adjustments.

Main Results:

The guidelines offer a framework for managing diabetes during Ramadan.
Key areas addressed include risk assessment and personalized treatment adjustments.

Conclusions:

The IDF-DAR Practical Guidelines aim to improve the care of Muslims with diabetes who fast during Ramadan.
Empowering healthcare professionals with up-to-date information is essential for supporting these patients.