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Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

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Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
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Peroxisomes and Mitochondria01:30

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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
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Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

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Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Versatility of peroxisomes: An evolving concept.

Rachayeeta Deb1, Shirisha Nagotu1

  • 1Organelle Biology and Cellular Ageing Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.

Tissue & Cell
|March 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peroxisomes are vital organelles with diverse functions in eukaryotic cells. This review details their roles in various model systems, highlighting their importance in health and disease.

Keywords:
Health and diseaseInter-organelle communicationPeroxisomesROSβ-Oxidation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology

Background:

  • Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, single-membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells.
  • Their biogenesis involves proliferation by division and the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Established functions include fatty acid beta-oxidation and reactive oxygen species metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of peroxisome functions.
  • To cover diverse functions across various model systems.
  • To highlight the organelle's role in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research spanning nearly 50 years.
  • Analysis of studies in diverse model systems (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster, trypanosomatids).
  • Examination of peroxisome interactions with other cellular organelles.

Main Results:

  • Peroxisomes exhibit unique characteristics and diverse functions.
  • Functions are cell type, tissue, and environment-dependent.
  • Peroxisomes collaborate with other organelles to perform cellular tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxisome functions are essential and varied.
  • Research is expanding to include more model systems and disease relevance.
  • Understanding peroxisome biology is crucial for human health and disease research.