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The extended reciprocity: Strong belief outperforms persistence.

Shun Kurokawa1

  • 1Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Datun Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, PR China.

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PubMed
Summary

Strong belief, a strategy in the repeated prisoner's dilemma game, promotes cooperation by enabling extended reciprocity. This strategy is evolutionarily stable, outperforming others with limited memory or reliance on past actions.

Keywords:
Evolutionary game theoryImperfect informationIterated prisoner's dilemmaPerceptionReciprocityStrong belief

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Game Theory

Background:

  • Cooperation is a complex phenomenon requiring explanation.
  • Direct reciprocity, where behavior is based on opponent's actions, is a key factor in cooperation's evolution.
  • Information deficiency, particularly when the opponent's last move is unknown, poses a challenge to direct reciprocity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of cooperation using strategies incorporating 'strong belief'.
  • To analyze the evolutionary stability of strategies with strong belief against unconditional defectors.
  • To explore the impact of strong belief on extended reciprocity and cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the repeated prisoner's dilemma game.
  • Evolutionarily Stable Strategy (ESS) analysis.
  • Examination of strategy interactions, including two-strategy and four-strategy games.

Main Results:

  • Strategies employing strong belief are more likely to evolve than those using only the opponent's last move or own last move.
  • Strong belief facilitates extended reciprocity, thereby promoting the evolution of cooperation.
  • The study considers various game scenarios involving strong belief strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Strong belief is an effective strategy for promoting cooperation in scenarios with information deficiency.
  • This strategy enhances reciprocity and contributes to the evolutionary stability of cooperative behaviors.
  • Further research explores complex interactions involving strong belief strategies.