Navigation and Robotics in Spinal Surgery: Where Are We Now?

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Orthopedic Surgery
• Medical Technology

Background:

• Spine surgery has seen significant technological advancements, including operative techniques, implants, biologics, computer-assisted navigation, and surgical robotics.
• Real-time image guidance and navigation, coupled with 3D spinal mapping, have expanded the applications of surgical robotic technology.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically evaluate the current literature on intraoperative navigation and robotic-assisted spine surgery.
• To explore available options for integrating these advanced technologies into spinal procedures.

Main Methods:

• Critical review of existing scientific literature.
• Analysis of applications for navigation and robotics in complex spinal surgeries.
• Evaluation of potential benefits, including reduced radiation exposure and improved precision.

Main Results:

• Navigation and robotic platforms show promise for improving modern spinal surgery.
• Applications extend to tumor resection, revision procedures, and complex deformity cases.
• Potential benefits include mitigating radiation exposure and addressing surgeon fatigue.

Conclusions:

• Spine surgery's reliance on fine motor skills and potential for surgeon fatigue makes it an ideal candidate for robotic and navigation integration.
• Further demonstration of superiority over traditional techniques is paramount before widespread adoption.
• These technologies offer promising potential for enhancing patient care and surgical outcomes.