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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Tobias Banaschewski1, Katja Becker, Manfred Döpfner

  • 1Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Philipps University, Marburg; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne; LWL University Hospital Hamm, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects about 5% of children and adolescents, often with comorbid conditions. Effective treatment requires an individualized approach considering severity and context.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent developmental disorder in children and adolescents, affecting approximately 5% of this population.
  • ADHD is characterized by persistence from childhood into adolescence and is associated with a high rate of comorbid disorders (≥75%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of ADHD etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To emphasize the need for translational research and evidence-based treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Selective literature search in PubMed.
  • Emphasis on pertinent clinical guidelines and systematic reviews.

Main Results:

  • ADHD etiology is complex and heterogeneous, involving genetic and neurobiological factors, with prenatal environmental influences also noted.
  • Common treatments include psychoeducation, behavioral therapy, and pharmacotherapy, generally with mild side effects.
  • Treatment indication is determined by symptom severity, comorbidities, prior treatments, and psychosocial context.

Conclusions:

  • Further translational research is crucial for elucidating ADHD's complex etiology.
  • Epidemiological data since 1987 do not indicate an increased prevalence of ADHD.
  • Optimizing ADHD diagnosis and treatment requires an evidence-based, individualized strategy.