Unicentric Castleman's disease associated with end stage renal disease caused by amyloidosis

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Castleman's disease (CD), or angiofolicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with unicentric and multicentric subtypes.
• Unicentric CD is typically asymptomatic and associated with the hyaline vascular type, often diagnosed via localized lymphadenopathy.
• Multicentric CD presents with systemic symptoms and is linked to plasma cell or mixed types.

Observation:

• This report details a patient with unicentric CD of the plasma cell type.
• The patient presented without the typical systemic symptoms associated with multicentric CD.
• Diagnosis was based on localized lymphadenopathy.

Findings:

• The patient developed end-stage renal failure.
• Amyloidosis was identified as the cause of renal failure.
• The renal failure occurred six years after the initial diagnosis of unicentric CD.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential for rare presentations of unicentric Castleman's disease.
• It highlights a link between unicentric CD, plasma cell type, and the subsequent development of amyloidosis-related renal failure.
• This emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring for systemic complications even in seemingly localized CD cases.