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Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay.
Antonio Cortese1, Roberto Barbaro2, Donato Troisi2
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Maxillofacial surgery using osteodistraction techniques achieves highly satisfactory aesthetic results, harmonizing facial features and preventing aesthetic decay. This approach leads to natural outcomes and patient acceptance, avoiding medico-legal issues.
Area of Science:
- Maxillofacial Surgery
- Aesthetic Surgery
- Orthognathic Surgery
Background:
- Facial symmetry is linked to developmental stability and mate choice.
- Bi-protrusive facial profiles are influenced by hormonal levels.
- Modern beauty standards emphasize facial harmony and aesthetic appeal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the aesthetic outcomes of maxillofacial surgery using novel osteodistraction techniques.
- To assess the effectiveness of these techniques in harmonizing facial features.
- To determine patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results.
Main Methods:
- Orthognathic surgery combined with distraction osteogenesis techniques.
- Ancillary surgical procedures were utilized.
- Aesthetic results were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale feedback from ten patients.
Main Results:
- All ten patients reported highly satisfactory aesthetic results.
- The surgical techniques led to a natural facial aesthetic.
- Patients accepted the new facial aesthetics, with no discrepancies noted.
Conclusions:
- Distraction osteogenesis in orthognathic surgery offers natural and highly satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.
- This surgical approach effectively addresses aesthetic concerns and prevents future aesthetic decline.
- The techniques employed minimize the risk of medico-legal complications.
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