Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.8K

Coronary artery endothelial dysfunction is present in HIV-positive individuals without significant coronary artery

Micaela Iantorno1, Michael Schär, Sahar Soleimanifard

  • 1aDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore bCritical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda cDivision of Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland dDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland eDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland fDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA gDepartment of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland hDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

AIDS (London, England)
|March 30, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Coronary endothelial dysfunction is significantly present in HIV-positive individuals without coronary artery disease, similar to patients with established disease. This dysfunction is linked to inflammation, suggesting new treatment avenues.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Individuals with HIV (HIV+) have a higher burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) than expected by traditional risk factors.
  • Coronary endothelial function (CEF) is a key indicator of vascular health, declining early in atherosclerosis and predicting cardiovascular events.
  • CEF has not been previously studied in HIV+ individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether CEF is impaired in HIV+ individuals without diagnosed CAD.
  • To compare CEF in HIV+ individuals without CAD to a matched HIV-negative (HIV-) population with similar cardiac risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study measured CEF noninvasively using MRI-quantified coronary vasoreactivity during isometric handgrip exercise.
  • Participants included HIV+ individuals without CAD (HIV+CAD-), HIV- individuals without CAD (HIV-CAD-), HIV- individuals with CAD (HIV-CAD+), and HIV+ individuals with CAD (HIV+CAD+).
  • Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured as a marker of inflammation.

Main Results:

  • CEF was significantly depressed in HIV+CAD- patients compared to risk-factor-matched HIV-CAD- patients (P < 0.0001).
  • The CEF impairment in HIV+CAD- patients was comparable to that observed in HIV- participants with established CAD.
  • Higher IL-6 levels were found in HIV+ participants (P < 0.0001) and were inversely correlated with CEF in this group (P = 0.007).

Conclusions:

  • Significant coronary endothelial dysfunction exists in HIV+ patients even without substantial CAD, mirroring dysfunction seen in patients with clinical CAD.
  • Endothelial dysfunction in HIV+ patients appears to be inversely related to inflammation, as indicated by IL-6 levels.
  • CEF assessment in HIV+ patients could aid cardiovascular risk stratification and the development of novel CAD treatments, potentially targeting inflammation.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions09:41

Quantification of Monocyte Transmigration and Foam Cell Formation from Individuals with Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Published on: October 17, 2017

14.0K
Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

17.9K

Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
827
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.4K
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
490
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
781
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
580
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
351