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Terpene synthases from Cannabis sativa.

Judith K Booth1, Jonathan E Page2,3, Jörg Bohlmann1,3

  • 1Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, East Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 1Z4.

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Cannabis plants produce resin containing terpenes in glandular trichomes. Researchers identified nine cannabis terpene synthases (CsTPS) responsible for creating key aroma and medicinal compounds in the

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Molecular biology
  • Cannabis research

Background:

  • Cannabis sativa produces a resin rich in terpenes within glandular trichomes, primarily on female inflorescences.
  • Terpenes contribute to the distinct aroma and potential medicinal properties of various cannabis strains.
  • Understanding terpene biosynthesis is crucial for cannabis strain development and quality control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize terpene synthase genes (CsTPS) involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in Cannabis sativa.
  • To analyze the expression patterns of terpene biosynthesis genes in glandular trichomes.
  • To provide insights into the genetic basis of terpene production for potential strain improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome analysis of glandular trichomes from the 'Finola' cannabis hemp variety.
  • Identification and classification of terpene synthase (TPS) genes into TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies.
  • Functional characterization of identified CsTPS enzymes to determine their terpene products.

Main Results:

  • Nine cannabis terpene synthases (CsTPS) were identified, belonging to TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies.
  • Functional analysis confirmed the enzymes' roles in producing major terpenes found in 'Finola' resin, including β-myrcene, limonene, and caryophyllene.
  • Transcripts for terpene biosynthesis were significantly more abundant in trichomes than in other plant tissues.

Conclusions:

  • The identified CsTPS gene family plays a key role in producing the diverse terpene profile of Cannabis sativa.
  • This knowledge can guide the selective breeding and genetic improvement of cannabis strains for specific terpene profiles.
  • Further research into CsTPS can unlock potential applications in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.