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Related Experiment Videos

Functional remodeling of subtype-specific markers surrounding implanted neuroprostheses.

Joseph W Salatino1,2, Bailey M Winter1,2,3, Matthew H Drazin4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Brain implant surgery causes a shift in local neurotransmission, with excitatory markers decreasing and inhibitory markers increasing over four weeks. Unexpectedly, reactive astrocytes also showed inhibitory markers, highlighting subtype-specific tissue remodeling around implants.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Brain implants like microelectrode arrays are vital for neurological disease research and treatment.
  • Neuronal loss and glial scarring can impede device integration and function.
  • Neurons and astrocytes are diverse cell types, with specific subtypes potentially responding uniquely to implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how microelectrode array implantation affects specific subtypes of neurons and glial cells.
  • To analyze changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission markers around brain implants over time.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to assess markers of excitatory (VGLUT1, CamKiiα) and inhibitory (VGAT) neurotransmission.
  • Single-shank microelectrode arrays were implanted in the motor cortex of adult rats.
Keywords:
neuroprosthesesreactive gliasynaptic markers

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tissue analysis was conducted over a 4-week period post-implantation.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant shift was observed from elevated VGLUT1 (excitatory) in early days to increased VGAT (inhibitory) by 4 weeks.
    • Reactive astrocytes unexpectedly expressed VGAT during the first week, indicating glial subtype heterogeneity.
    • Excitatory tone, indicated by VGLUT1 and CamKiiα, decreased over the observation period.

    Conclusions:

    • Microelectrode implantation induces subtype-specific cellular remodeling in brain tissue.
    • A progressive shift towards increased inhibitory tone occurs around the implant interface.
    • Understanding these cellular dynamics is crucial for improving brain implant integration and long-term performance.