Ameloblastic fibroma or fibrosarcoma: A dilemma of oral surgeon

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an uncommon true mixed odontogenic tumor, with a relative frequency between 1.5% and 4.5% of all odontogenic tumors. It may behave either as a true neoplasm or as a hamartomatous proliferation of odontogenic epithelium of the enamel organ and odontogenic mesenchyme of the primitive dental pulp. Frequently diagnosed between the first and second decades of life with 75% of cases was diagnosed before the age of 20 and present with a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies. A conservative approach, enucleation with curettage, and long-term follow-up are absolutely necessary for any recurrence or change to fibrosarcoma. We report a case of AF in a 10-year-old male patient who presented with a chief complaint of swelling in the right mandibular posterior region. Enucleation and curettage were done under general anesthesia, followed by immunohistochemical markers (Ki-67, Mib-1) to assess the sarcomatous changes and aggressiveness of the tumor.