The N-terminal region of the chicken progesterone receptor specifies target gene activation

Steroid hormone receptors belong to a family of nuclear receptors that trigger transcriptional activation of target genes by specific binding to DNA recognition sequences, usually located in the 5'-flanking region of the target gene. Nuclear receptors appear to be segmented proteins and extensive structure-function analyses have attempted to elucidate the functional significance of individual segments. Two of these regions have been defined as the domains responsible for recognition of responsive elements of target genes (region C) and hormone binding (region E) (refs 2-7). But the functional significance of the N-terminal region (A/B), which diverges extensively even for a given receptor between different species, has remained obscure. We have previously cloned, expressed and analysed the chicken progesterone receptor (cPR) (ref. 8). This receptor and its human homologue from T47D breast cancer cells are unique among the steroid hormone receptors in that two forms, A and B, are present in equal amounts in cytosolic extracts, the latter having the higher molecular weight. For the chicken progesterone receptor, we have presented evidence suggesting that the cPR form A corresponds to an N-terminally truncated form of B (ref. 8). Here we report on the functional difference between the forms A and B in the transcriptional activation of two target genes.