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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 7-13 Years Old Children from Vojvodina (Serbia)
Darko D Dželajlija1, Slavica S Spasić2, Jelena M Kotur-Stevuljevic2
1College of Technical Sciences, Pančevo, Serbia.
Insights
Early detection of cardiovascular disease risk in children is crucial. Older children showed better lipid profiles, and risk factors like family history impact early atherosclerosis markers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, begins early in life, influenced by dyslipoproteinemia.
- Atherosclerotic precursors can be present in children under 10.
- Lifestyle factors (sedentary behavior, poor nutrition, smoking, obesity) and family history exacerbate cardiovascular disease risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess cardiovascular risk in children aged 7-13.
- To analyze lipid status and atherogenic indices in relation to age and risk factors.
- To evaluate the utility of a modified Risk Score for Young Individuals (RS) for risk stratification.
Main Methods:
- Study included 624 children (7-13 years old).
- Analyzed socio-demographic data, BMI, blood pressure, family history, smoking status.
- Measured lipid status (lipoprotein little a-Lp(a), Apo AI, Apo B-100) and calculated atherogenic indices (Tg/HDL-c, LTI, LPI).
Main Results:
- Older children (13 years) exhibited improved lipid profiles (lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C; higher HDL-C) correlating with RS.
- Children with a positive family history of cardiovascular disease had higher Lp(a) and blood pressure.
- The lipid pentad index (LPI) was significantly higher in children with a higher RS.
Conclusions:
- Findings support cardiovascular risk assessment in apparently healthy children.
- Preventive measures targeting modifiable risk factors are essential.
- Early identification and intervention can mitigate future cardiovascular disease burden.
Background:
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which starts early in life and depends on many factors, an important one being dyslipoproteinemia. According to several studies, atherosclerotic plaques or their precursors could be seen in children younger than 10 years. During later life, interaction with a sedentary way of life, as well as unhealthy nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and family history of cardiovascular disease cause the burden of atherosclerotic disease.
Methods:
Study included 624 children (316 boys, 308 girls), aged from 7-13 years. We analysed socio-demographic data (BMI, blood pressure, cardiovascular family history, smoking status), as well as lipid status with lipoprotein little a-Lp(a), and apolipoproteins: Apo AI, Apo B-100 for all children. This enabled us to calculate new atherogenic indices Tg/HDL-c, lipid tetrad index (LTI) and lipid pentad index (LPI). Cardiovascular risk for later life was estimated by using modified Risk Score for Young Individuals (RS), which divided the subjects according to the score level: low, medium and higher risk.
Results:
The older children (13 y) had better lipid status than the younger children, i.e. significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides and non-HDL-C concentration and significantly higher HDL-C concentration than the younger children and this was in accordance with the RS level. Children with a positive family history of CV disease had significantly higher Lp(a) concentration and blood pressure. LPI was significantly higher in children with a higher RS.
Conclusions:
The results of our work could be used for cardiovascular risk assessment in apparently healthy children to provide preventive measures which could control the changeable risk factors.