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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
07:28

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth

Published on: November 24, 2017

Learning epigenetic regulation from mycobacteria.

Sanjeev Khosla1, Garima Sharma2, Imtiyaz Yaseen2

  • 1Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, India.

Microbial Cell (Graz, Austria)
|March 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pathogenic bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Legionella pneumophila can alter host cell function by manipulating the epigenome. These microbes use novel epigenetic mechanisms to methylate host histones and DNA, hijacking cellular machinery for their survival.

Keywords:
DNA methylationH3R42Mycobacterium tuberculosisRv1988Rv2966cepigeneticshistone arginine methylation

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Live Cell Fluorescence Microscopy to Observe Essential Processes During Microbial Cell Growth
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Published on: November 24, 2017

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
06:18

Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems

Published on: April 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cellular function is dictated by the epigenome, which comprises chromatin organization and epigenetic modifications.
  • The cellular microenvironment can influence and alter the epigenome during development and differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pathogenic bacteria exploit the host epigenome for survival.
  • To identify bacterial proteins that modulate host epigenetic modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a methyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Characterization of a mycobacterial protein (Rv2966c) that methylates host genomic DNA.
  • Identification of a protein (RomA) from Legionella pneumophila that methylates host histone H3.

Main Results:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses a methyltransferase that modifies host epigenome by methylating histone H3 at arginine 42 (H3R42).
  • Mycobacterial protein Rv2966c methylates non-CpG cytosines in host genomic DNA.
  • Legionella pneumophila's RomA protein methylates histone H3 at lysine 14 (H3K14).

Conclusions:

  • Pathogenic bacteria have evolved non-canonical epigenetic mechanisms to manipulate host transcriptional machinery.
  • These bacteria hijack host epigenomes for their own survival and proliferation.