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Malaria01:29

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Malaria: An Update.

Srikanta Basu1, Puneet Kaur Sahi2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India. srikantabasu@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|March 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria in India affects all ages, with young children facing the highest mortality. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), are crucial for reducing malaria morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
ChildrenDiagnosisMalariaTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Global Health

Background:

  • India faces endemic malaria with unstable transmission, hindering immunity development and affecting all age groups.
  • Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are the predominant malaria species, with children under five experiencing the highest mortality rates.
  • Fever is a key symptom, but clinical presentation alone is insufficient for definitive malaria diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline diagnostic and treatment strategies for malaria in India.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and adherence to treatment guidelines.
  • To support malaria elimination and eradication efforts in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Parasitological confirmation via blood smear microscopy as the gold standard.
  • Utilization of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) when microscopy is delayed (>24 hours).
  • Initiation of treatment in severe cases or high-risk individuals (e.g., HIV patients) prior to confirmation.

Main Results:

  • Uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria is treated with chloroquine.
  • Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria requires artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACTs).
  • Intravenous (IV) artesunate is the recommended treatment for all complicated malaria cases, regardless of Plasmodium species.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to recommended diagnostic and treatment protocols is vital for reducing malaria-related illness and deaths.
  • Strategic scaling up of successful interventions is necessary to achieve malaria elimination and eradication.
  • Combating drug resistance through diligent adherence to guidelines is a critical component of malaria control efforts.