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Spinal alignment evolution with age: A prospective gait analysis study.

Sébastien Pesenti1, Benjamin Blondel1, Emilie Peltier1

  • 1Sébastien Pesenti, Emilie Peltier, Jean-Luc Jouve, Pediatric orthopedics, Timone Enfants, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France.

World Journal of Orthopedics
|April 1, 2017
PubMed
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Spinal motion in children changes during growth, with decreasing rotational forces and increasing forward-bending forces. These biomechanical shifts support bipedalism and stabilize the spine as gait matures.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical analysis
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Gait analysis

Background:

  • Understanding spinal biomechanics during childhood is crucial for assessing developmental milestones.
  • Gait development involves complex interactions between the spine and lower limbs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the developmental changes in spinal motion and biomechanics in growing children using gait analysis.
  • To correlate kinematic and kinetic parameters with age in healthy children.

Main Methods:

  • Gait analysis was performed on 36 healthy children aged 3–16 years.
  • Kinematic parameters (thoracic angle, lumbar angle, sagittal vertical axis) and kinetic parameters (net reaction moments) were recorded.
  • Statistical analysis correlated these parameters with age.
Keywords:
Gait analysisSagittal balanceSpine biomechanicsSpine growthThorcic kyphosis

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Main Results:

  • Sagittal vertical axis significantly increased with age (P < 0.001).
  • Sagittal plane moments at the lumbosacral junction increased with age (P = 0.003).
  • Transverse plane moments decreased with age at thoracolumbar and lumbosacral junctions (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Childhood spinal biomechanics exhibit a decrease in torsional constraints and an increase in sagittal constraints during growth.
  • These adaptations are vital for acquiring and stabilizing bipedal gait.
  • Mature gait primarily imposes sagittal plane constraints on the spine.