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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Published on: August 6, 2019

Reducing dentine hypersensitivity with nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

M Vano¹, G Derchi^1,2, A Barone³

¹Dept of Surgical Pathology, Medicine, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Clinical Oral Investigations

|April 1, 2017

Summary

Nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste effectively reduces dentin hypersensitivity compared to fluoride toothpaste and placebo. This fluoride-free gel provides significant relief from tooth sensitivity within two to four weeks.

Keywords:

Dentine hypersensitivity Desensitizing agents Fluoride Nano-hydroxyapatite

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Last Updated: Jul 23, 2026

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Published on: August 6, 2019

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Dentin hypersensitivity is a common dental condition.
Effective desensitizing agents are crucial for improving oral health and patient comfort.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) toothpaste against fluoride toothpaste and a placebo in reducing dentin hypersensitivity.

Main Methods:

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 105 participants.
Participants were assigned to three groups: nHA gel (2% fluoride-free), fluoride gel, or placebo.
Hypersensitivity was assessed using airblast, tactile tests, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks.

Main Results:

The nHA group showed significantly lower cold air and tactile sensitivity at 2 and 4 weeks (p < 0.05).
Compared to both fluoride and placebo groups, the nHA group reported significantly lower sensitivity scores.
VAS scores significantly decreased in the nHA group at 2 and 4 weeks compared to baseline and control groups.

Conclusions:

Nano-hydroxyapatite in a fluoride-free gel toothpaste is an effective agent for reducing dentin hypersensitivity.
The nHA formulation provides significant symptomatic relief within 2 to 4 weeks of application.