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Characterization of minute virus of canines (MVC) and its pathogenicity for pups
L Macartney1, C R Parrish, L N Binn
1Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.
Abstract:
Minute virus of canines (MVC, canine parvovirus-1), originally isolated in 1970 from the feces of normal dogs, was compared with canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2). The two viruses, which differ in their host cell ranges and spectra of hemagglutination, also were found distinct in their antigenic and genomic properties. We demonstrated that the MVC replicates in dogs and is capable of producing pathologic changes that were most prominent in oronasally-exposed neonatal pups. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were most prominent in the thymus and lymph nodes; minor changes were found in the duodenal crypts. The MVC strain used had been passaged 13 times in cell cultures and it may not represent the true virulence of naturally occurring virus.
Insights
Minute virus of canines (MVC) replicates in dogs, causing pathological changes, primarily in neonatal pups. Further research is needed to understand the natural virulence of this canine parvovirus.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Canine Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Minute virus of canines (MVC), also known as canine parvovirus-1, was first isolated in 1970.
- Canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) is a significant pathogen in dogs.
- MVC and CPV-2 exhibit differences in host cell ranges and hemagglutination.
- Antigenic and genomic properties of MVC and CPV-2 are distinct.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare Minute virus of canines (MVC) with canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2).
- To investigate the replication and pathogenicity of MVC in dogs.
- To characterize the pathological changes induced by MVC, particularly in neonatal pups.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of MVC and CPV-2 based on host cell range and hemagglutination.
- Assessment of antigenic and genomic properties.
- Oronasal exposure of neonatal pups to MVC.
- Macroscopic and microscopic examination of tissues from infected pups.
Main Results:
- MVC and CPV-2 were confirmed to be distinct in antigenic and genomic properties.
- MVC replicates in dogs and causes pathological changes.
- Lesions were most prominent in the thymus and lymph nodes of oronasally-exposed neonatal pups.
- Minor duodenal crypt changes were observed.
- The MVC strain used had undergone 13 passages in cell culture, potentially altering its virulence.
Conclusions:
- Minute virus of canines (MVC) is capable of replicating in dogs and inducing pathological changes, with a predilection for lymphoid tissues in neonatal pups.
- The observed virulence of the cell-cultured MVC strain may not reflect that of naturally occurring strains.
- Further studies are warranted to ascertain the true pathogenicity of field isolates of MVC in canines.