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Esential oils extraction: a 24-hour steam distillation systematic methodology.
Mijat Božović1,2, Alberto Navarra1,2, Stefania Garzoli2
1a Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy.
Natural Product Research
|April 1, 2017
Summary
This study introduces a 24-hour steam distillation process for essential oil extraction, finding that optimal extraction time varies by plant species. Prolonged distillation can improve yields, but the ideal duration depends on the specific plant and desired outcome.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Phytochemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Steam distillation is the primary method for essential oil extraction.
- Limited research exists on how distillation duration affects essential oil yield and quality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of prolonged steam distillation duration on essential oil yield and quality.
- To establish optimal extraction times for various plant species.
Main Methods:
- A 24-hour steam distillation process was developed and applied.
- Essential oils from Lamiaceae and Apiaceae species were collected at intervals (1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours).
- Analysis considered annual and perennial species harvested at different times.
Main Results:
- Extraction duration significantly impacts essential oil yield and quality.
- No universal optimal extraction time exists; it is plant-dependent.
- Prolonged distillation can enhance total essential oil yield.
Conclusions:
- The ideal duration for steam distillation is specific to each plant species.
- Extraction time must be tailored based on the desired yield and quality targets.
- This study provides a framework for optimizing essential oil extraction processes.