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Related Experiment Videos

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Analysis.

Diana M Lin1, Sara Javidiparsijani, Alexandra Vardouniotis

  • 1Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.

Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology : AIMM
|April 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Ectopic thyroid tissue is rare, but immunohistochemistry and molecular studies confirm its benign nature. These tests are more reliable than morphology alone for identifying benign thyroid rests.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Ectopic thyroid tissue is a rare entity with debated clinical significance.
  • Distinguishing benign ectopic thyroid from metastatic carcinoma can be challenging based on morphology alone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature of ectopic thyroid tissue using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular studies.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of BRAFV600E IHC compared to PCR.
  • To determine if common thyroid carcinoma markers can help differentiate benign ectopic thyroid from malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 8 cases of ectopic thyroid tissue.
  • Histopathological examination of ectopic thyroid and concurrent thyroid specimens.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for BRAFV600E (VE1), HBME-1, and galectin-3.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Molecular analysis including BRAFV600E allele-specific PCR and NRAS/KRAS pyrosequencing.
  • Testing of 13 primary and metastatic thyroid carcinoma cases to assess IHC sensitivity and specificity.

    • Main Results:

    • All 8 ectopic thyroid cases showed histologically benign features.
    • Ectopic thyroid tissues were negative for HBME-1, galectin-3, BRAFV600E (IHC and PCR), and NRAS/KRAS mutations.
    • BRAFV600E IHC demonstrated 89% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to PCR.
    • Lack of common carcinoma-associated mutations supports the benign nature of ectopic thyroid rests.

    Conclusions:

    • Immunohistochemistry and molecular studies are crucial for accurately diagnosing ectopic thyroid tissue.
    • BRAF, HBME-1, and galectin-3 IHC are valuable tools, especially when tissue is limited for molecular testing.
    • These advanced techniques are superior to morphology alone in identifying benign thyroid rests and ruling out malignancy.