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Transforming growth factor beta-1 expression in macrophages of human chronic periapical diseases

Z-Z Liang1, J Li1, S-G Huang2

  • 1Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Insights

Macrophages expressing transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) are more prevalent in chronic periapical diseases. Their density is higher in periapical cysts than granulomas, suggesting a role in disease pathology.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oral Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chronic periapical diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues around the root apex of teeth.
  • Macrophages (MPs) are key immune cells involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling.
  • Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine with diverse roles in immunity and tissue repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution and density of macrophages expressing TGF-β1 (TGF-β1-CD14 double-positive MPs) in human chronic periapical lesions.
  • To compare the expression levels of TGF-β1-positive macrophages in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological analysis of tissue samples from 75 volunteers (25 healthy controls, 25 periapical granulomas, 25 periapical cysts).
  • Double immunofluorescence staining to identify macrophages (CD14) expressing TGF-β1.
  • Quantification of TGF-β1-CD14 double-positive cells per square millimeter.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher numbers of TGF-β1-CD14 double-positive MPs were found in chronic periapical disease tissues compared to healthy controls (P < 0.01).
  • The density of these cells was significantly greater in periapical cysts than in periapical granulomas (P < 0.01).
  • TGF-β1-expressing macrophage counts varied across different human chronic periapical diseases.

Conclusions:

  • TGF-β1-expressing macrophages are significantly associated with the presence and severity of human chronic periapical diseases.
  • The elevated presence of TGF-β1-CD14 double-positive cells in periapical cysts suggests a specific role in their pathogenesis.
  • These findings highlight the potential importance of TGF-β1-producing macrophages in the pathology of chronic periapical conditions.

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