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Nanomaterial scaffolds to regenerate musculoskeletal tissue: signals from within for neovessel formation
Zuyong Wang1, Feng Wen2, Poon Nian Lim3
1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 576, Singapore.
Abstract:
Current treatments for musculoskeletal disease and injury are restricted with the usage of autografts and allografts. Tissue engineering that applies the principles of biology and engineering to develop functional substitutes has potential promise of therapeutic regeneration for musculoskeletal tissues. However, engineering sizable tissues needs a vascular network to supply cells with nutrients, oxygen and signals after implantation. For this purpose, recent developments on therapeutic nanomaterials have been explored in delivering different vessel-inductive growth factors, small biomolecules and ions for scalable engineering into vascularizable scaffolds. Here, we provide an overview on the current efforts, and propose future perspectives for precise regulation on vascularization processes and musculoskeletal tissue functionality.