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The Extended-Synaptotagmins.

Yasunori Saheki1, Pietro De Camilli2

  • 1Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
|April 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Extended-synaptotagmins tether the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, transporting lipids between bilayers. Calcium ions regulate these functions, distinguishing them from synaptotagmins.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Membrane Biology
  • Organelle Contact Sites

Background:

  • Extended-synaptotagmins share domain similarities with synaptotagmins but differ in localization and function.
  • Synaptotagmins are plasma membrane-associated proteins regulating vesicle tethering and Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.
  • Extended-synaptotagmins are endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins involved in organelle tethering and lipid transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles and characteristics of extended-synaptotagmins compared to synaptotagmins.
  • To investigate the function of extended-synaptotagmins in endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering and lipid transport.
  • To explore the broader evolutionary presence and functional significance of extended-synaptotagmins.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
C2SMPSynaptotagminTULIPTricalbin

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of protein domain structures and localization.
  • Functional studies on endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane tethering.
  • Investigation of lipid transport mechanisms mediated by SMP domains.
  • Examination of calcium ion (Ca2+) regulation on protein function.

Main Results:

  • Extended-synaptotagmins tether the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane via C2 domains, independent of membrane fusion.
  • These proteins transport glycerolipids between ER and plasma membrane bilayers using SMP domains.
  • Calcium ions modulate both the membrane tethering and lipid transport activities of extended-synaptotagmins.
  • Extended-synaptotagmins are found in diverse organisms (animals, fungi, plants), suggesting a conserved, general function.

Conclusions:

  • Extended-synaptotagmins play a crucial role in inter-organelle membrane contact and lipid homeostasis.
  • Their function is distinct from synaptotagmins, highlighting diverse roles for C2 domain-containing proteins.
  • The widespread distribution suggests a fundamental importance in cellular organization and lipid metabolism across eukaryotes.