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Interstitial lung disease in newborns.

Lawrence M Nogee1

  • 1Eudowood Neonatal Pulmonary Division, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|April 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) in newborns encompasses rare but serious diffuse lung diseases. Diagnosis is increasingly feasible non-invasively, focusing on genetic factors and clinical/imaging features.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a group of diffuse lung diseases affecting airspaces and lung tissue.
  • These rare conditions are linked to significant morbidity and mortality in newborns, with outcomes varying by diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms, clinical presentation, imaging, pathology, and outcomes of ILD in neonates.
  • To emphasize the role of genetic mechanisms and non-invasive diagnostic approaches for neonatal ILD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ILD in the neonatal period.
  • Analysis of genetic underpinnings, clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and histopathology.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic strategies, including non-invasive methods.
Keywords:
Alveolar capillary dysplasiaGenetic basis of diseaseLung developmentMutationNeuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancySurfactant

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Main Results:

  • Neonatal ILD categories include developmental, growth, and surfactant dysfunction disorders, alongside unique infantile conditions.
  • While lung histopathology is traditional, genetic basis allows for non-invasive diagnosis.
  • Clinical and imaging features can aid in specific diagnoses for certain ILDs.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors are crucial in understanding and diagnosing neonatal ILD.
  • Non-invasive diagnostic methods, leveraging clinical and imaging data, are becoming increasingly important.
  • Comprehensive review aids in managing these complex pediatric lung diseases.