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Methods for Coding Tobacco-Related Twitter Data: A Systematic Review.

Brianna A Lienemann¹, Jennifer B Unger¹, Tess Boley Cruz¹

¹Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|April 2, 2017

Summary

Researchers are using Twitter data for tobacco research, but methodological standards are needed. This review assessed tobacco Twitter data coding methods and recommends developing consistent approaches for better comparability and replication in future studies.

Keywords:

Internet review social marketing tobacco

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Communication Studies
Data Science

Background:

Twitter has become a significant data source for tobacco-related research, with 313 million monthly active users.
The increasing use of social media platforms necessitates an understanding of data analysis methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and assess the methodological approaches used for categorically coded tobacco data from Twitter.
To provide recommendations for enhancing future tobacco-related Twitter research.

Main Methods:

A systematic search of multiple databases (PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, etc.) was conducted for peer-reviewed articles from 2006 to 2016.
27 articles analyzing and categorically coding tobacco Twitter data were identified and reviewed for data collection and coding methods.

Main Results:

E-cigarettes were the most frequently analyzed tobacco product on Twitter, followed by tobacco campaigns.
Common data sources included Gnip and Twitter's Streaming API, with hand-coding and machine learning as primary coding methods.
Studies predominantly coded for relevance, sentiment, theme, user, and location.

Conclusions:

Developing standardized data collection and coding practices is crucial for comparing and replicating tobacco research findings.
Recommendations include multiple sampling, distinguishing sentiment nuances, coding multimedia content, and analyzing user profiles.
Twitter offers a valuable platform for tobacco surveillance, particularly among adolescent and minority populations.