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Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...

Factors Affecting Perception

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Manipulating perceptual parameters in a continuous performance task.

Nir Shalev¹, Glyn Humphreys², Nele Demeyere²

¹Cognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK. nir.shalev@psy.ox.ac.uk.

Behavior Research Methods

|April 2, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a masked continuous performance task (MCCPT) to measure sustained attention (SA). The MCCPT offers a sensitive, speed-independent method suitable for clinical populations, including stroke patients.

Keywords:

Ageing Alertness Attention CPT Chronic stroke Continuous performance task Methods Stroke Sustained attention Temporal attention

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Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Clinical Assessment

Background:

Sustained attention (SA) is vital for behavior, typically measured by reaction times on continuous performance tasks (CPTs).
Reaction time measures can be problematic in clinical populations with varying cognitive deficits.
Existing CPT variations increase memory or inhibition demands, potentially confounding assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel CPT variation that increases attentional demands rather than speed or memory.
To create a masked CPT (MCCPT) to enhance sensitivity to inattention.
To validate the MCCPT's utility in clinical populations, specifically aging controls and chronic stroke patients.

Main Methods:

Developed a masked version of the continuous performance task (MCCPT).
Manipulated target-to-distractor ratios to investigate response biases.
Controlled perceptual parameters independently within the CPT framework.
Administered the MCCPT to aging controls and chronic stroke patients.

Main Results:

Masking in the CPT significantly decreased target detection accuracy.
The MCCPT demonstrated high sensitivity to attentional lapses.
The task proved feasible and effective for use with patient populations, including chronic stroke survivors.
Results confirmed the MCCPT's ability to assess sustained attention independently of reaction speed.

Conclusions:

The masked continuous performance task (MCCPT) provides a sensitive and reliable measure of sustained attention.
This novel task is advantageous for assessing cognitive function in clinical populations where reaction speed is not a reliable indicator.
The MCCPT is a viable tool for research and clinical practice involving individuals with cognitive impairments.