Related Experiment Videos
Serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor concentrations correlate with prognosis of traumatic brain injury
Ding-Bo Yang1, Wen-Hua Yu2, Xiao-Qiao Dong2
1Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Hangzhou City, 34 Yanguan Lane, Hangzhou 310002, China.
Background:
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine. Serum MIF concentrations are associated with the severity and prognosis of ischemic stroke.
Methods:
In this prospective, observational study, white blood cell (WBC) count and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and MIF among 108 severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients and 108 controls were measured. We determined whether serum MIF concentrations are associated with inflammation, severity, in-hospital major adverse events (IMAEs) (i.e., in-hospital mortality, acute lung injury, acute traumatic coagulopathy, progressive hemorrhagic injury and posttraumatic cerebral infarction) and long-term clinical outcome (i.e., 6-month functional outcome) after TBI.
Results:
As compared to the controls, serum CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and MIF concentrations were significantly increased. MIF concentrations correlated with WBC count, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. MIF in serum was independently associated with IMAEs and long-term clinical outcome. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve of MIF concentrations was similar to GCS scores'. Moreover, MIF concentrations markedly improved the predictive value of GCS scores for 6-month unfavorable outcome.
Conclusion:
Increased serum MIF concentrations have close relation to inflammation, trauma severity and clinical outcomes, substantializing MIF as a good prognostic biomarker after TBI.
Insights
Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) levels are elevated in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Higher MIF concentrations correlate with inflammation, injury severity, and predict adverse outcomes, establishing it as a prognostic biomarker.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
- Elevated serum MIF is linked to ischemic stroke severity and prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association of serum MIF concentrations with inflammation, severity, in-hospital adverse events (IMAEs), and long-term outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
Main Methods:
- Prospective, observational study of 108 severe TBI patients and 108 controls.
- Measured serum concentrations of MIF, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and white blood cell (WBC) count.
- Assessed IMAEs and 6-month functional outcomes.
Main Results:
- Serum MIF, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and WBC counts were significantly higher in TBI patients compared to controls.
- MIF concentrations correlated with inflammatory markers (WBC, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores.
- Serum MIF was independently associated with IMAEs and 6-month outcomes, improving the predictive value of GCS scores.
Conclusions:
- Increased serum MIF is closely related to inflammation, trauma severity, and clinical outcomes in TBI.
- MIF serves as a valuable prognostic biomarker for predicting outcomes after TBI.