Decreased Amount of Supporting Alveolar Bone at Single-Rooted Premolars Is Under Estimated by 2D Examinations

The purpose of this study was to relate the proportions of bone-supported root length of a 2D view into the amount of a 3D bone-attached root surface area (BA-RSA) by using a dental laser scanner examination. White-light 3D scanning technology was used to probe 36 maxillary and 35 mandibular single-rooted premolars. The bone-supported height (BSH) and BA-RSA at designated levels (95-25%) were compared using statistical t tests. The 100% BSH and BA-RSA of the maxillary/mandibular premolars were 12.6 ± 1.60 mm/13.45 ± 1.47 mm (p < 0.05) and 220.78 ± 35.31 mm²/199.51 ± 26.33 mm² (p < 0.01), respectively. Approximately 79-80%, 59-60%, and 35-36% premolars 2D BSH remained in comparison to 75%, 50%, and 25% 3D BA-RSA preservation, respectively. However, corresponding to a 75%, 50%, and 25% 2D BSH reserve, premolars retained 67-68%, 39-41%, and 15-17% 3D BA-RSA, respectively. When taking 1.0 mm connective tissue attachment into account, 60% 3D BA-RSA and 50% 2D BSH loss were noted at the 5.1-5.4 mm clinical attachment level. Assigning a periodontal prognosis and determining the severity of periodontitis for premolars with alveolar bone loss based on 3D's or 2D's measurement is inconsistent.