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Related Experiment Videos

Centromere structure and function analysis in wheat-rye translocation lines.

Jing Wang1,2, Yalin Liu1,2, Handong Su1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|April 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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1RS.1BL translocations in wheat breeding possess hybrid centromeres. This study reveals wheat centromere proteins bind both wheat and rye DNA, clarifying the role of these fusion centromeres in crop improvement.

Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Cytogenetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • 1RS.1BL translocations are crucial for wheat improvement but their centromere formation mechanism is poorly understood.
  • The centromere's role in the stability and inheritance of these translocations requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural and functional characteristics of centromeres in 1RS.1BL translocations.
  • To investigate the involvement of wheat and rye centromeric components in hybrid centromere formation.
  • To explore the potential of manipulating centromere structure for enhanced wheat breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to analyze centromere structure in 130 1RS.1BL translocation cultivars.
  • Immuno-FISH, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR, and RT-PCR to assess centromere protein binding and gene expression.
Keywords:
FISHcentromereryetranslocationwheat

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experimental creation of new 1R translocations via misdivision and irradiation to study centromere formation.

    • Main Results:

    • All analyzed 1RS.1BL translocations exhibited hybrid centromeres.
    • Wheat-derived CENH3 protein was found to bind to both wheat and rye centromeric regions.
    • A rye centromere-specific retrotransposon was actively transcribed in 1RS.1BL translocations.
    • Increased frequency of new 1RS hybrid centromere translocations and group-1 chromosome translocations observed during 1R misdivision.

    Conclusions:

    • The centromere in 1RS.1BL translocations is indeed hybrid, composed of both wheat and rye components.
    • Understanding the hybrid centromere structure provides insights into the stability and inheritance of these valuable breeding tools.
    • This research offers potential for developing novel 1R translocations with tailored centromere structures for improved wheat varieties.