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Updated: Sep 21, 2026
Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland
Published on: May 3, 2018
Preoperative evaluation and surgical planning of submandibular gland tumors
Timo Atula1, Juha Panigrahi1, Jussi Tarkkanen2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Background:
Roughly half of submandibular gland neoplasms are malignant. Because preoperative information on the nature of these tumors remains limited, both preoperative evaluation and assessment of the extent of primary surgery warrant guidelines that are more accurate.
Methods:
We evaluated the preoperative examinations and management of all submandibular gland neoplasms treated surgically at the Helsinki University Hospital between 2000 and 2010.
Results:
Of the 83 tumors, 58 (70%) were benign and 25 (30%) were malignant. Of the benign tumors, 54 (93%) were pleomorphic adenomas. The cytology in 8 patients (10%) was class IV or V, and in 12 patients was class III; the tumors in 9 of these 12 patients turned out to be malignant. Of all malignancies, 10 (40%) required additional more extensive surgery.
Conclusion:
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) proved useful, with limitations, in preoperative examination. Surgeons should always obtain wide margins whenever possible, even when clinical means or cytology indicates no malignancy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1071-1077, 2017.
