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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

32.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

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The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

1.7K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
1.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.3K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
2.3K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
3.6K

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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

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Conjugated Ladder Polymers by a Cyclopentannulation Polymerization.

Sambasiva R Bheemireddy1, Matthew P Hautzinger1, Tao Li2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Materials Technology Center, Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel ladder polymers using palladium catalysis. These cyclopentafused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polymers exhibit unique electronic properties, making them suitable for organic electronics.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Electronics

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are crucial in organic electronics.
  • Developing novel PAHs with tailored electronic properties is an active research area.
  • Ladder polymers offer enhanced rigidity and electronic conjugation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel synthetic route for cyclopentafused-PAH embedded ladder polymers.
  • To create donor-acceptor type copolymers with tunable electronic properties.
  • To investigate the potential of these polymers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).

Main Methods:

  • Palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation polymerization of 9,10-dibromoanthracene with various bis(arylethynyl)arenes.
  • Synthesis of donor-acceptor copolymers with benzene, thiophene, or thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units.
  • Cyclodehydrogenation using iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) to form rigid ladder structures.
  • Characterization using NMR spectroscopy (including 13C NMR of isotopically labeled polymers) and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of donor-acceptor copolymers with molecular weights (Mn) ranging from 9-22 kDa.
  • Formation of rigid ladder polymers via cyclodehydrogenation.
  • Ladder polymers exhibited broad UV-Vis absorptions and narrow optical band gaps (1.17-1.29 eV).
  • The synthesized polymers demonstrated p-type semiconductor behavior in organic field-effect transistors.

Conclusions:

  • A nontraditional synthesis of cyclopentafused-PAH ladder polymers was established.
  • The developed polymers possess desirable optoelectronic properties for organic electronic applications.
  • The synthetic strategy allows for tuning of polymer structure and properties through the choice of bis(arylethynyl)arene monomers.