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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I01:21

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...
Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors01:15

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte properties and...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants
08:13

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

Published on: February 19, 2016

Chemical aerosol Raman detector.

R L Aggarwal1, L W Farrar1, S Di Cecca1

  • 1MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420-9108, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new chemical aerosol Raman detector (CARD) offers sensitive trace detection of atmospheric particles. This advanced instrument achieves a low detection limit for isovanillin, demonstrating its capability for environmental monitoring.

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Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector
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Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants
08:13

A Filter-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Assay for Rapid Detection of Chemical Contaminants

Published on: February 19, 2016

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
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A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector
06:05

Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Low-Cost Particle Detector

Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Trace detection of chemical particles in the ambient atmosphere is crucial for environmental monitoring and safety.
  • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or specificity required for real-time analysis of atmospheric aerosols.
  • Development of advanced analytical instrumentation is needed to address these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a sensitive chemical aerosol Raman detector (CARD) for trace detection and identification of chemical particles.
  • To improve upon existing aerosol detection technologies through enhanced hardware and algorithms.
  • To establish the performance metrics of the CARD system, including its limit of detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an improved aerosol concentrator with a concentration factor of approximately 40.
  • Integration of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for enhanced detection sensitivity.
  • Characterization of the CARD system's performance using aerosolized isovanillin as a model compound.
  • Detailed description of the CARD hardware and its associated detection algorithm.

Main Results:

  • The CARD system demonstrated high sensitivity for aerosol detection.
  • The limit of detection for isovanillin was determined to be 1.6 pg/cm³ (SNR = 10) in 15 seconds.
  • This corresponds to 6.3 × 10⁹ molecules/cm³ or 0.26 ppb, highlighting the system's trace detection capability.
  • The detector can also identify gases, albeit with lower sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed chemical aerosol Raman detector (CARD) is a sensitive instrument for the trace detection and identification of chemical particles in ambient air.
  • The CARD system, featuring an improved aerosol concentrator and CCD camera, offers significant advancements in aerosol detection sensitivity.
  • The established limit of detection demonstrates the potential of CARD for environmental monitoring and chemical analysis applications.