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Panel 6: Vaccines
Melinda M Pettigrew1, Mark R Alderson2, Lauren O Bakaletz3
11 Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven Connecticut, USA.
Summary
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines offer some protection against otitis media (OM), but effectiveness is waning due to pathogen shifts. Further research is crucial for developing broader OM vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Vaccinology
- Otolaryngology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Otitis media (OM) represents a substantial global healthcare burden.
- Prevention through vaccination is a key strategy, yet challenges remain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on vaccine effectiveness for otitis media (OM) prevention.
- To assess progress in developing vaccine antigens for bacterial and viral OM pathogens.
Main Methods:
- Searched the PubMed database for OM pathogens and vaccine antigens.
- Focused on English-language articles published between July 2011 and June 2015.
- Expert panel review of relevant literature.
Main Results:
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) show partial effectiveness against pneumococcal OM and related procedures.
- PCV use has led to serotype shifts, reducing effectiveness against acute otitis media (AOM).
- The 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PHiD-CV) is effective for pneumococcal OM, with inconsistent results for Haemophilus influenzae.
Conclusions:
- Limited progress in vaccines for H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and respiratory viruses causing OM.
- Need for research on additional serotypes and otopathogens; licensure challenges exist for protein-based vaccines.
- Correlates of protection for OM vaccine antigens are urgently required for future vaccine development.