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Outpatient Emergencies: Anaphylaxis.

Scott P Commins1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Thurston Research Center, University of North Carolina, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Thurston Research Center, University of North Carolina, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction, can be unpredictable and life-threatening. Prompt epinephrine use is crucial for managing anaphylaxis, especially when the cause is unknown.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal allergic reaction.
  • Mild reactions can rapidly escalate to cardiovascular and respiratory arrest.
  • The clinical trajectory of anaphylaxis is often unpredictable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical course and management of anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early epinephrine administration.
  • To discuss common triggers and patient education strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anaphylaxis cases and management guidelines.
  • Analysis of immunologic mechanisms, particularly immunoglobulin E (IgE) involvement.
  • Identification of common anaphylaxis triggers across different age groups.
Keywords:
AllergyAnaphylaxisIgEMast cellTryptase

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Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis fatalities are rare, but rapid progression to arrest is possible.
  • Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediates most anaphylaxis episodes.
  • Foods are common triggers in children; medications and insect stings in adults.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and early epinephrine administration is critical for anaphylaxis management.
  • Patients with unavoidable or unknown triggers require autoinjectable epinephrine and education.
  • Continuous patient awareness of anaphylaxis signs and symptoms is essential.