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Related Concept Videos

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...

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Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
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Published on: August 19, 2013

Dual Fluorescence and Solvatochromic Study on 3-Acyl Coumarins.

S Samundeeswari1, M V Kulkarni2, Jayashree Yenagi3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad, 580 003, India.

Journal of Fluorescence
|April 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates the photophysical properties of three coumarin derivatives, revealing concentration-dependent dual fluorescence. Excited state dipole moments were found to be higher than ground state values across various solvents.

Keywords:
3-Acetyl coumarinDFT calculationDual fluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Coumarin derivatives are known for their diverse photophysical properties.
  • Understanding solvent effects on molecular electronic transitions is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic absorption and emission spectra of 3-acetyl coumarin, 3-(bromoacetyl) coumarin, and 3-(di bromoacetyl) coumarin.
  • To calculate ground and excited state dipole moments using the solvatochromic method and DFT.
  • To explore concentration-dependent dual fluorescence in these compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Recording electronic absorption and emission spectra at room temperature in thirteen solvents.
  • Applying the solvatochromic method to calculate dipole moments for locally excited and charge transfer transitions.
  • Utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for dipole moment estimation.
  • Analyzing concentration-dependent fluorescence spectra.

Main Results:

  • Excited state dipole moments were consistently higher than ground state dipole moments for all three compounds.
  • Calculated dipole moments using microscopic and bulk solvent polarity methods showed close agreement.
  • Concentration-dependent dual fluorescence was observed in the emission spectra.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent polarity significantly influences the electronic and photophysical behavior of these coumarin derivatives.
  • The observed dual fluorescence suggests complex excited-state dynamics influenced by concentration.
  • DFT and solvatochromic methods provide reliable estimations of dipole moments for these systems.