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The Microbiome and Human Biology.

Rob Knight^1,2,3, Chris Callewaert^1,4, Clarisse Marotz¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

|April 5, 2017

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Microbiome research is transforming human biology understanding, revealing links between gut microbes and diseases like Parkinson's and depression. Advances in sequencing and data analysis are driving these discoveries.

Area of Science:

Human biology
Microbiology
Genomics

Background:

Microbiome research has significantly advanced human biology understanding.
Insights span digestion, disease processes (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), and neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's disease, autism, depression).

Purpose of the Study:

To review how technological and analytical advances have driven microbiome discoveries.
To discuss integrating microbiome, metabolome, and immune system studies.
To explore a systems-level understanding of human organisms.

Main Methods:

Review of new generation sequencing technologies.
Analysis of recent analytical and software advancements.
Integration of animal model data.

Keywords:

DNA sequencing gut-brain axis immunology metabolism metagenomics microbiome neuroscience

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Main Results:

Dramatic reshaping of human biology understanding.
New insights into microbe-mediated digestion and disease.
Surprising associations between microbiome and neurological/psychiatric conditions.

Conclusions:

Technological and analytical progress fuels microbiome research.
Integrating multi-omics data (microbiome, metabolome, immune system) is crucial.
A systems-level view will redefine our understanding of human organisms.